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¹Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh and tell him: This is what the LORD says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me.

²But if you refuse to let them go, then I will plague all your territory with frogs.

³The Nile will swarm with frogs; they will come up and go into your palace, into your bedroom and on your bed, into the houses of your officials and your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls.

⁴The frogs will come up on you, your people, and all your officials.”

⁵The LORD then said to Moses, “Tell Aaron: Stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers, canals, and ponds, and cause the frogs to come up onto the land of Egypt.”

⁶When Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt.

⁷But the magicians did the same thing by their occult practices and brought frogs up onto the land of Egypt.

⁸Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Appeal to the LORD to remove the frogs from me and my people. Then I will let the people go and they can sacrifice to the LORD.”

⁹Moses said to Pharaoh, “You may have the honor of choosing. When should I appeal on behalf of you, your officials, and your people, that the frogs be taken away from you and your houses, and remain only in the Nile?”

¹⁰“Tomorrow,” he answered. Moses replied, “As you have said, so that you may know there is no one like the LORD our God,

¹¹the frogs will go away from you, your houses, your officials, and your people. The frogs will remain only in the Nile.”

¹²After Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the LORD for help concerning the frogs that he had brought against Pharaoh.

¹³The LORD did as Moses had said: the frogs in the houses, courtyards, and fields died.

¹⁴They piled them in countless heaps, and there was a terrible odor in the land.

¹⁵But when Pharaoh saw there was relief, he hardened his heart and would not listen to them, as the LORD had said.

¹⁶Then the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron: Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the land, and it will become gnats throughout the land of Egypt.”

¹⁷And they did this. Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff, and when he struck the dust of the land, gnats were on people and animals. All the dust of the land became gnats throughout the land of Egypt.

¹⁸The magicians tried to produce gnats using their occult practices, but they could not. The gnats remained on people and animals.

¹⁹“This is the finger of God,” the magicians said to Pharaoh. But Pharaoh’s heart was hard, and he would not listen to them, as the LORD had said.

²⁰The LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning and present yourself to Pharaoh when you see him going out to the water. Tell him: This is what the LORD says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me.

²¹But if you will not let my people go, then I will send swarms of flies against you, your officials, your people, and your houses. The Egyptians’ houses will swarm with flies, and so will the land where they live.

²²But on that day I will give special treatment to the land of Goshen, where my people are living; no flies will be there. This way you will know that I, the LORD, am in the land.

²³I will make a distinction between my people and your people. This sign will take place tomorrow.”

²⁴And the LORD did this. Thick swarms of flies went into Pharaoh’s palace and his officials’ houses. Throughout Egypt the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies.

²⁵Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go sacrifice to your God within the country.”

²⁶But Moses said, “It would not be right to do that, because what we will sacrifice to the LORD our God is detestable to the Egyptians. If we sacrifice what the Egyptians detest in front of them, won’t they stone us?

²⁷We must go a distance of three days into the wilderness and sacrifice to the LORD our God as he instructs us.”

²⁸Pharaoh responded, “I will let you go and sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness, but don’t go very far. Make an appeal for me.”

²⁹“As soon as I leave you,” Moses said, “I will appeal to the LORD, and tomorrow the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh, his officials, and his people. But Pharaoh must not act deceptively again by refusing to let the people go and sacrifice to the LORD.”

³⁰Then Moses left Pharaoh’s presence and appealed to the LORD.

³¹The LORD did as Moses had said: He removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, his officials, and his people; not one was left.

³²But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also and did not let the people go.

¹Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh and say to him: This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me.

²But if you refuse to let them go and keep holding them,

³then the LORD’s hand will bring a severe plague against your livestock in the field — the horses, donkeys, camels, herds, and flocks.

⁴But the LORD will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, so that nothing of all that the Israelites own will die.”

⁵And the LORD set a time, saying, “Tomorrow the LORD will do this thing in the land.”

⁶The LORD did this the next day. All the Egyptian livestock died, but none among the Israelite livestock died.

⁷Pharaoh sent messengers who saw that not a single one of the Israelite livestock was dead. But Pharaoh’s heart was hard, and he did not let the people go.

⁸Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of furnace soot, and Moses is to throw it toward heaven in the sight of Pharaoh.

⁹It will become fine dust over the entire land of Egypt. It will become festering boils on people and animals throughout the land of Egypt.”

¹⁰So they took furnace soot and stood before Pharaoh. Moses threw it toward heaven, and it became festering boils on people and animals.

¹¹The magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for the boils were on the magicians as well as on all the Egyptians.

¹²But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart and he did not listen to them, as the LORD had told Moses.

¹³Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning and present yourself to Pharaoh. Tell him: This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me.

¹⁴For this time I am about to send all my plagues against you, your officials, and your people. Then you will know there is no one like me on the whole earth.

¹⁵By now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people with a plague, and you would have been obliterated from the earth.

¹⁶However, I have let you live for this purpose: to show you my power and to make my name known on the whole earth.

¹⁷You are still acting arrogantly against my people by not letting them go.

¹⁸Tomorrow at this time I will rain down the worst hail that has ever occurred in Egypt from the day it was founded until now.

¹⁹Therefore give orders to bring your livestock and all that you have in the field into shelters. Every person and animal that is in the field and not brought inside will die when the hail falls on them.”

²⁰Those among Pharaoh’s officials who feared the word of the LORD made their servants and livestock flee to shelters,

²¹but those who didn’t take to heart the LORD’s word left their servants and livestock in the field.

²²Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven and let there be hail throughout the land of Egypt — on people and animals and every plant of the field in the land of Egypt.”

²³So Moses stretched out his staff toward heaven, and the LORD sent thunder and hail. Lightning struck the land, and the LORD rained hail on the land of Egypt.

²⁴The hail, with lightning flashing through it, was so severe that nothing like it had occurred in the land of Egypt since it had become a nation.

²⁵Throughout the land of Egypt, the hail struck down everything in the field, both people and animals. The hail beat down every plant of the field and shattered every tree in the field.

²⁶The only place it didn’t hail was in the land of Goshen, where the Israelites were.

²⁷Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron. “I have sinned this time,” he said to them. “The LORD is the righteous one, and I and my people are the guilty ones.

²⁸Make an appeal to the LORD. There has been enough of God’s thunder and hail. I will let you go; you don’t need to stay any longer.”

²⁹Moses said to him, “When I have left the city, I will spread out my hands to the LORD. The thunder will cease, and there will be no more hail, so that you may know the earth belongs to the LORD.

³⁰But as for you and your officials, I know that you still do not fear the LORD God.”

³¹The flax and the barley were destroyed because the barley was ripe and the flax was budding,

³²but the wheat and the spelt were not destroyed since they are later crops.

³³Moses left Pharaoh and the city, and spread out his hands to the LORD. Then the thunder and hail ceased, and rain no longer poured down on the land.

³⁴When Pharaoh saw that the rain, hail, and thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart, he and his officials.

³⁵So Pharaoh’s heart was hard, and he did not let the Israelites go, as the LORD had said through Moses.

¹Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials so that I may do these miraculous signs of mine among them,

²and so that you may tell your son and grandson how severely I dealt with the Egyptians and performed miraculous signs among them, and you will know that I am the LORD.”

³So Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and told him, “This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go, that they may worship me.

⁴But if you refuse to let my people go, then tomorrow I will bring locusts into your territory.

⁵They will cover the surface of the land so that no one will be able to see the land. They will eat the remainder left to you that escaped the hail; they will eat every tree you have growing in the fields.

⁶They will fill your houses, all your officials’ houses, and the houses of all the Egyptians — something your fathers and grandfathers never saw since the time they occupied the land until today.” Then he turned and left Pharaoh’s presence.

⁷Pharaoh’s officials asked him, “How long must this man be a snare to us? Let the men go, so that they may worship the LORD their God. Don’t you realize yet that Egypt is devastated?”

⁸So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh. “Go, worship the LORD your God,” Pharaoh said. “But exactly who will be going?”

⁹Moses replied, “We will go with our young and with our old; we will go with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds because we must hold the LORD’s festival.”

¹⁰He said to them, “The Lord would have to be with you if I would ever let you and your families go! Look out — you’re heading for trouble.

¹¹No, go — just able-bodied men — worship the LORD, since that’s what you want.” And they were driven from Pharaoh’s presence.

¹²The LORD then said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt, and the locusts will come up over it and eat every plant in the land, everything that the hail left.”

¹³So Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and the LORD sent an east wind over the land all that day and through the night. By morning the east wind had brought in the locusts.

¹⁴The locusts went up over the entire land of Egypt and settled on the whole territory of Egypt. Never before had there been such a large number of locusts, and there never will be again.

¹⁵They covered the surface of the whole land so that the land was black, and they consumed all the plants on the ground and all the fruit on the trees that the hail had left. Nothing green was left on the trees or the plants in the field throughout the land of Egypt.

¹⁶Pharaoh urgently sent for Moses and Aaron and said, “I have sinned against the LORD your God and against you.

¹⁷Please forgive my sin once more and make an appeal to the LORD your God, so that he will just take this death away from me.”

¹⁸Moses left Pharaoh’s presence and appealed to the LORD.

¹⁹Then the LORD changed the wind to a strong west wind, and it carried off the locusts and blew them into the Red Sea. Not a single locust was left in all the territory of Egypt.

²⁰But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the Israelites go.

²¹Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, and there will be darkness over the land of Egypt, a darkness that can be felt.”

²²So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and there was thick darkness throughout the land of Egypt for three days.

²³One person could not see another, and for three days they did not move from where they were. Yet all the Israelites had light where they lived.

²⁴Pharaoh summoned Moses and said, “Go, worship the LORD. Even your families may go with you; only your flocks and herds must stay behind.”

²⁵Moses responded, “You must also let us have sacrifices and burnt offerings to prepare for the LORD our God.

²⁶Even our livestock must go with us; not a hoof will be left behind because we will take some of them to worship the LORD our God. We will not know what we will use to worship the LORD until we get there.”

²⁷But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.

²⁸Pharaoh said to him, “Leave me! Make sure you never see my face again, for on the day you see my face, you will die.”

²⁹“As you have said,” Moses replied, “I will never see your face again.”