Affirm

"to say, utter an affirmation, speak." The word is a verbal form of the verb na’am, which occurs only once in the entire Old Testament: "Behold, I am …

Answer

"to say, speak, tell, command, answer." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages and in all periods of those languages although it has the meaning "t…

Ascend

"to go up, ascend, offer up." This word occurs in all Semitic languages, including biblical Hebrew. The Old Testament attests it about 890 times.Basic…

Avenge (To)

"to avenge, take vengeance, punish." This root and its derivatives occur 87 times in the Old Testament, most frequently in the Pentateuch, Isaiah, and…

Awake (To)

"to awake, stir up, rouse oneself, rouse." This word is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew, as well as in ancient Ugaritic. It occurs approximate…

Believe (To)

"to be firm, endure, be faithful, be true, stand fast, trust, have belief, believe." Outside of Hebrew, this word appears in Aramaic (infrequently), A…

Book

"book; document; writing." Seper seems to be a loanword from the Akkadian sipru ("written message," "document"). The word appears 187 times in the Heb…

Cattle

"cattle; thousand; group." The first word, "cattle," signifies the domesticated animal or the herd animal. It has cognates in Aramaic, Akkadian, Ugari…

City

"city; town; village; quarter [of a city]." Cognates of this word appear in Ugaritic, Phoenician, Sumerian, and old Arabic. This noun occurs about 1,0…

Come (To)

See OFFER (TO) usage notes."to approach, draw near, bring." Found primarily in biblical Hebrew, this word is also found in ancient Ugaritic. It occurs…

Come up (To)

"to go up, ascend, offer up." This word occurs in all Semitic languages, including biblical Hebrew. The Old Testament attests it about 890 times.Basic…

Congregation

"congregation." This word may have etymologically signified a "company assembled together" for a certain purpose, similar to the Greek words synagoge …

Copper

"copper; bronze; bronze chains." Cognates of this word appear in Phoenician, Aramaic, Arabic, and Ethiopic. It is attested about 136 times in biblical…

Count

"to number, count, proclaim, declare." The relationship of this verb to similar verbs in other languages is greatly debated, but it does occur in Ugar…

Cubit

"cubit." This word has cognates in Akkadian, Ugaritic, and Aramaic. It appears about 245 times in biblical Hebrew and in all periods, but especially i…

Deliver (To)

"to deliver, give, place, set up, lay, make, do." This verb occurs in the different Semitic languages in somewhat different forms. The form natan occu…

Depart

"to remove, depart, carry away." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages including biblical Aramaic and in all periods of Hebrew. The Bible attests …

Depart (To)

"to journey, depart, set out, march." Found throughout the development of the Hebrew language, this root is also found in ancient Akkadian. The word i…

Discern (To)

"to discern, regard, recognize, pay attention to, be acquainted with." This verb is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew. It occurs approximately 5…

Drive Out (To)

"to drive out, banish, thrust, move." This word is found primarily in biblical Hebrew, although in late Hebrew it is used in the sense of "to beguile.…

Ever

"eternity; remotest time; perpetuity." This word has cognates in Ugaritic Moabite, Phoenician, Aramaic, Arabic, and Akkadian. It appears about 440 tim…

Everlasting

"eternity; remotest time; perpetuity." This word has cognates in Ugaritic Moabite, Phoenician, Aramaic, Arabic, and Akkadian. It appears about 440 tim…

Eye

"eye; well; surface; appearance; spring." ‘Ayin has cognates in Ugaritic, Akkadian, Aramaic, and other Semitic languages. It occurs about 866 times an…

Faithfulness

"faithfulness." This word occurs in Punic as emanethi ("certainty"). In the Hebrew Old Testament, the noun occurs 49 times, mainly in the Book of Psal…

Flee (To)

"to flee, pass through." Some scholars See this word, which is used throughout the history of the Hebrew language, reflected in ancient Ugaritic as we…

Foolishness

"foolishness; stupidity." This noun appears 25 times in the Old Testament. It can mean "foolishness" in the sense of violating God's law, or "sin" (Ps…

Forgive (To)

"to forgive." This verb appears 46 times in the Old Testament. The meaning "to forgive" is limited to biblical and rabbinic Hebrew; in Akkadian, the w…

Forsake (To)

"to leave, forsake, abandon, leave behind, be left over, let go." This word occurs in Akkadian and post-biblical Hebrew and Aramaic. Similar words app…

Guard

"to watch, to guard, to keep." Common to both ancient and modern Hebrew, this verb is found also in ancient Ugaritic. It occurs some 60 times in the H…

Guiltless (To Be)

"to be pure, innocent." Only in Hebrew does this verb mean being "innocent." In Aramaic and Arabic it occurs with the meaning of being "clean." The ve…

Help (To)

"to help, assist, aid." This word and its derivatives are common in both ancient and modern Hebrew. The verb occurs about 80 times in the biblical tex…

Hide (To)

"to conceal, hide, shelter." This verb and various derivatives are found in modern Hebrew as well as in biblical Hebrew. Satar occurs approximately 80…

High

"high; exalted." This adjective occurs about 24 times. The root seen in this adjective, in the verb gabah and in the noun gobah, occurs in every perio…

Horse

"horse." Cognates of this word appear in Ugaritic, Akkadian, Egyptian, and Syriac. It appears in biblical Hebrew about 138 times and in all periods.Th…

Inherit (To)

"to inherit, get possession of, take as a possession." This term is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew, as well as in ancient Ugaritic. It is fou…

Iniquity

"to do iniquity." This verb appears in the Bible 17 times. In Arabic this verb appears with the meaning "to bend" or "to deviate from the way." ‘Awâ i…

Keep (To)

"to keep, oversee, have charge over." The word appears as "to set forward" in the sense of "to overSee or to lead" in 1Chr 23:4, 2Chr 34:12, Ezra 3:8,…

Keep (To) (1)

"to watch, to guard, to keep." Common to both ancient and modern Hebrew, this verb is found also in ancient Ugaritic. It occurs some 60 times in the H…

Know (To)

"to know, regard, recognize, pay attention to, be acquainted with." This verb, which is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew, occurs approximately …

Labor

"labor; toil; anguish; troublesome work; trouble; misery." Cognates of this noun and the verb from which it is derived occur in Aramaic, Arabic, and A…

Life

"soul; self; life; person; heart." This is a very common term in both ancient and modern Semitic languages. It occurs over 780 times in the Old Testam…

Look (To)

"to look, regard, behold." This verb is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew. It occurs approximately 70 times in the Old Testament. The first use …

Man

"man; mankind; people; someone (indefinite); Adam (the first man)." This noun appears in Ugaritic, Phoenician, and Punic. A word with the same radical…

Mother

"mother; grandmother; stepmother." Cognates of this word appear in nearly all Semitic languages including Ugaritic and Aramaic. Biblical Hebrew attest…

Mourn (To)

"to mourn, lament." This word is common to both ancient and modern Hebrew. Found in the Hebrew Old Testament 39 times, ’abal is used in the simple, ac…

Nose

"nose; nostrils; face; wrath; anger." This general Semitic word has cognates in Akkadian, Ugaritic, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Arabic. This word appears…

Number (To)

"to number, count, proclaim, declare." The relationship of this verb to similar verbs in other languages is greatly debated, but it does occur in Ugar…

Offering

"meat [cereal] offering; offering; tribute; present; gift; sacrifice; oblation." The kjv characteristically translates the word as "meat offering," us…

Oversee

"to keep, oversee, have charge over." The word appears as "to set forward" in the sense of "to overSee or to lead" in 1Chr 23:4, 2Chr 34:12, Ezra 3:8,…

Overtake (To)

"to reach, overtake, attain." This verb is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew. It is used in the text of the Hebrew Old Testament approximately 5…

Pass Over (To)

"to pass away, pass over." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages and at all periods of those languages, including biblical Hebrew and Aramaic. The…

People

"people; relative." This common Semitic word has cognates in Akkadian, Amorite, Phoenician, Ugaritic, Punic, Moabite, Aramaic, and Arabic. This word o…

Plant (To)

"to plant." Common in both ancient and modern Hebrew, this word is also found in ancient Ugaritic. It occurs approximately 60 times in the Hebrew Old …

Possession

"possession." Cognates of this word appear in late Aramaic and Akkadian. This word occurs only 8 times. Segullâ signifies "property" in the special se…

Prince

"prince; chief; leader." This noun appears 129 times in biblical Hebrew. An early occurrence of nasî’ is in Gen 23:6: "Hear us, my lord: thou art a mi…

Prophesy (To)

"to prophesy." This word appears in all periods of the Hebrew language. It seems to be related to the ancient Akkadian word nabu, which in its passive…

Remain (1)

"to rest, remain, be quiet." This word is common to ancient and modern. Hebrew, as well as ancient Akkadian and Ugaritic. It occurs in the text of the…

Remove (To)

"to remove, depart, carry away." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages including biblical Aramaic and in all periods of Hebrew. The Bible attests …

Repent (To)

"to repent, comfort." Nah?am apparently means "to repent" about 40 times and "to comfort" about 65 times in the Old Testament. Scholars assert several…

Rest (To)

"to rest, remain, be quiet." This word is common to ancient and modern. Hebrew, as well as ancient Akkadian and Ugaritic. It occurs in the text of the…

River

"wadi (or wady); torrentvalley; torrent; river; shaft." This root also occurs in Akkadian, post-biblical Hebrew, and Syriac. In Arabic these same radi…

Say (To)

"to say, utter an affirmation, speak." The word is a verbal form of the verb na’am, which occurs only once in the entire Old Testament: "Behold, I am …

Say (To) (1)

"to say, speak, tell, command, answer." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages and in all periods of those languages although it has the meaning "t…

Secret

"secret or confidential plan(s); secret or confidential talk; secret; council; gathering; circle." This noun occurs 21 times in biblical Hebrew.Sod me…

Self

"soul; self; life; person; heart." This is a very common term in both ancient and modern Semitic languages. It occurs over 780 times in the Old Testam…

Separate (To)

"to divide, separate." This word and its derivatives are common to both ancient and modern Hebrew. It is found in the text of the Hebrew Old Testament…

Serve (To)

"to serve, minister." This word occurs less than 100 times in the Old Testament. In the vast majority of instances, sharat appears in the form of an i…

Shut (To)

"to shut, close, shut up or imprison." Found in ancient Ugaritic, this verb is common also in ancient and modern Hebrew. It is found some 80 times in …

Sin

"iniquity; vanity; sorrow." Some scholars believe that this term has cognates in the Arabic words 'ana, ("to be fatigued, tired") and 'aynun ("weaknes…

Soul

"soul; self; life; person; heart." This is a very common term in both ancient and modern Semitic languages. It occurs over 780 times in the Old Testam…

Speak

"to say, speak, tell, command, answer." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages and in all periods of those languages although it has the meaning "t…

Stand (To)

"to stand, station, set up, erect." Found in both ancient and modern Hebrew, this word goes back at least to ancient Ugaritic. It is found approximate…

Stretch Out (To)

"to stretch forth, spread out, stretch down, turn aside." This verb also occurs in Arabic, late Aramaic, and post-biblical Hebrew. The Bible attests i…

Tell (To)

"to tell, explain, inform." An exact equivalent to this verb is not known outside biblical Hebrew except in late Aramaic. The verb occurs around 335 t…

Testimony

"testimony; ordinance." The 83 occurrences of this word are scattered throughout all types of biblical literature and all periods (although not before…

Touch (To)

"to touch, strike, reach, smite." Common throughout the history of the Hebrew language, this word is also found in Aramaic. It is used some 150 times …

Tribe

"staff; rod; shaft; branch; tribe." This noun is a distinctively Hebrew word. It occurs 251 times; the first usage is in Gen 38:18: "And he said, What…

Turn (To)

"to turn, overturn, change, transform, turn back." A common word throughout the various periods of Hebrew, this term occurs in other Semitic languages…

Utter

"to say, utter an affirmation, speak." The word is a verbal form of the verb na’am, which occurs only once in the entire Old Testament: "Behold, I am …

Virgin (1)

"virgin; maiden." This noun has an Ugaritic cognate, although the masculine form also appears in Aramaic, Syriac, and Arabic. The feminine form of the…

Vow

"to vow." This verb occurs in Semitic languages (Ugaritic, Phoenician, and Aramaic). In Phoenician-Punic inscriptions the verb and also the noun deriv…

Wadi

"wadi (or wady); torrent-valley; torrent; river; shaft." This root also occurs in Akkadian, post-biblical Hebrew, and Syriac. In Arabic these same rad…

Watch (1)

"to watch, to guard, to keep." Common to both ancient and modern Hebrew, this verb is found also in ancient Ugaritic. It occurs some 60 times in the H…

Witness

"witness." The 69 occurrences of this word are scattered throughout the various biblical literary genres and periods although it does not appear in hi…

Youth

"youth; lad; young man." This word is found in Ugaritic, and it seems that the Egyptian word naarma ("armed retainers") is also related to the West Se…