Add (To)

"to add, continue, do again, increase, surpass." This verb occurs in the northwest Semitic dialects and Aramaic. It occurs in biblical Hebrew (around …

All

"all; the whole." The noun kol, derived from kalal, has cognates in Ugaritic, Akkadian, Phoenician, and Moabite. Kol appears in biblical Hebrew about …

Atone (To)

"to cover over, atone, propitiate, pacify." This root is found in the Hebrew language at all periods of its history, and perhaps is best known from th…

Be Weak

"to stumble, stagger, totter, be thrown down." As in biblical Hebrew, this word is used in modern Hebrew in the sense of "to stumble, fail." It occurs…

Bear (To)

"to bear, bring forth, beget, be delivered." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages and in nearly all verbal forms. The noteworthy exception is bib…

Behind

"behind; after(wards)." A cognate of this word occurs in Ugaritic. ’Ahar appears about 713 times in biblical Hebrew and in all periods. One adverbial …

Bend

"to bow, bow down, bend the knee." This term is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew and in Ugaritic. It occurs in the Hebrew Old Testament approxi…

Bow (To)

"to bow, bow down, bend the knee." This term is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew and in Ugaritic. It occurs in the Hebrew Old Testament approxi…

Bread

"bread; meal; food; fruit." This word has cognates in Ugaritic, Syriac, Aramaic, Phoenician, and Arabic. Lehem occurs about 297 times and at every per…

Calamity

"calamity; disaster." A possible cognate of this word appears in Arabic. Its 24 biblical appearances occur in every period of biblical Hebrew (12 in w…

Can

"can, may, to be able, prevail, endure." This word is used about 200 times in the Old Testament, from the earliest to the latest writings. It is also …

Canaan

"Canaan"; kena‘anî 3669), "Canaanite; merchant." "Canaan" is used 9 times as the name of a person and 80 times as a place name. "Canaanite" occurs 72 …

Canaanite

"Canaan"; kena‘anî 3669), "Canaanite; merchant." "Canaan" is used 9 times as the name of a person and 80 times as a place name. "Canaanite" occurs 72 …

Clothe (To)

"to put on (a garment), clothe, wear, be clothed." A common Semitic term, this word is found in ancient Akkadian and Ugaritic, in Aramaic, and through…

Confess (To)

"to confess, praise, give thanks." The root, translated "confess" or "confession" about twenty times in the kjv, is also frequently rendered "praise" …

Consume (To)

"to cease, be finished, perish, be completed." This verb occurs in most Semitic languages and in all periods. In Hebrew, it occurs both in the Bible (…

Counsel (To)

"to advise, counsel consult." Used throughout the history of the Hebrew language, this verb occurs in the Hebrew Old Testament approximately 80 times.…

Day

"daylight; day; time; moment; year." This word also appears in Ugaritic, extrabiblical Hebrew or Canaanite (e.g., the Siloam inscription), Akkadian, P…

Deliver (To)

"to deliver, give, place, set up, lay, make, do." This verb occurs in the different Semitic languages in somewhat different forms. The form natan occu…

Despise (To)

"to reject, refuse, despise." This verb is common in both biblical and modern Hebrew. It occurs about 75 times in the Hebrew Old Testament and is foun…

Do Good (To)

"to be good, do well, be glad, please, do good." This word is found in various Semitic languages, and is very common in Hebrew, both ancient and moder…

Dwell (To)

"to dwell, sit, abide, inhabit, remain." The word occurs over 1,100 times throughout the Old Testament, and this root is widespread in other ancient S…

Eat (To)

"to eat, feed, consume, devour." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages (except Ethiopic) and in all periods, from the early Akkadian to the latest…

End

"end; not; nothing; only." The 42 occurrences of this word appear in every period of biblical literature. It has a cognate in Ugaritic. Basically, the…

Enemy

"enemy." ’Oyeb has an Ugaritic cognate. It appears about 282 times in biblical Hebrew and in all periods. In form, the word is an active infinitive (o…

Exceedingly

"exceedingly; very; greatly; highly." This word occurs about 300 times and in all periods of biblical Hebrew. A verb with a similar basic semantic ran…

Fear (To)

"to be afraid, stand in awe, fear." This verb occurs in Ugaritic and Hebrew (both biblical and post-biblical). The Bible attests it approximately 330 …

Fight (To)

"to fight, do battle, engage in combat." This word is found in all periods of Hebrew, as well as in ancient Ugaritic. It occurs in the text of Hebrew …

Flow

"to pour, pour out, cast, flow." Commonly used throughout the history of the Hebrew language, this word occurs in ancient Ugaritic with the same nuanc…

Following

"following; different; other." This word occurs about 166 times and in all periods of biblical Hebrew. The first meaning of this word is temporal, and…

Form (To)

"to form, mold, fashion." A word common to Hebrew in all its periods, yasar is used in modern Hebrew in the sense of "to produce," or "to create." The…

Go Down (To)

"to descend, go down, come down. This verb occurs in most Semitic languages (including post-biblical Hebrew) and in all periods. In biblical Hebrew, t…

Go Forth

"to come forth, go out, proceed, go forth, bring out, come out." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages, including biblical Aramaic and Hebrew. It …

Go Out (To)

"to come forth, go out, proceed, go forth, bring out, come out." This verb occurs in all Semitic languages, including biblical Aramaic and Hebrew. It …

Good

"good; favorable; festive; pleasing; pleasant; well; better; right; best." This word appears in Akkadian, Aramaic, Arabic, Ugaritic, and Old South Ara…

Great (To Be)

"to be heavy, weighty, burdensome, dull, honored, glorious." This word is a common Semitic term, one that is found frequently in ancient Akkadian and …

Hand

"hand; side; border; alongside; hand-measure; portion; arm (rest); monument; manhood (male sex organ); power; rule." This word has cognates in most of…

Heart

"heart; mind; midst." Leb and its synonym lebab appear 860 times in the Old Testament. The law, prophets, and Psalms often speak of the "heart." The r…

Heavy

"to be heavy, weighty, burdensome, dull, honored, glorious." This word is a common Semitic term, one that is found frequently in ancient Akkadian and …

Honor (To)

"to honor." This verb occurs about 114 times and in all periods of biblical Hebrew. Its cognates appear in the same languages as those of the noun kab…

Humble (Self) (To)

"to be humble, to humble, subdue." This biblical Hebrew word is also found in modern Hebrew. The word can mean "to humble, to subdue," and it can have…

Instruction

"instruction; chastisement; warning." This noun occurs 50 times, mainly in Proverbs. The first occurrence is in Deut 11:2: "…I speak not with your chi…

Know (To)

"to know, regard, recognize, pay attention to, be acquainted with." This verb, which is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew, occurs approximately …

Lamb (Male)

"lamb (male); kid." The Akkadian cognate of this noun means "lamb," whereas the Arabic cognate signifies "a young ram." The word occurs 107 times in t…

Last

"at the back; western; later; last; future." This word occurs about 51 times in biblical Hebrew.’Aharôn has a local-spatial meaning. Basically, it mea…

Law

"law; direction; instruction." This noun occurs 220 times in the Hebrew Old Testament. In the wisdom literature, where the noun does not appear with a…

Left (To Be)

"to be left; remain over; excel; show excess." This word is found in various Semitic languages, ranging from ancient Akkadian to modern Hebrew. In its…

Lord

or ’adonayUsage Number: 2Strong's Number: H136Usage Notes: "lord; master; Lord." Cognates of this word appear in Ugaritic and Phoenician. The form ’ad…

Make (Cut) A Covenant (To)

"to cut off, cut down, fell, cut or make (a covenant or agreement)." This verb also occurs in Akkadian, Moabite, and post-biblical Hebrew. In biblical…

Man

"man; mankind; people; someone (indefinite); Adam (the first man)." This noun appears in Ugaritic, Phoenician, and Punic. A word with the same radical…

May

"can, may, to be able, prevail, endure." This word is used about 200 times in the Old Testament, from the earliest to the latest writings. It is also …

Needy (Person)

"needy (person)." This word also occurs in Ugaritic and Ethiopic. Biblical Hebrew attests it about 60 times (33 times in the Psalms alone) and in all …

Night

"night." Cognates of this noun appear in Ugaritic, Moabite, Akkadian, Aramaic, Syrian, Arabic, and Ethiopic. The word appears about 227 times in bibli…

No

"no; not; nothing; or else, nor." Cognates of this word appear in Akkadian, Ugaritic, and Phoenician (Punic). The word appears 789 times in biblical H…

Palm (of Hand)

"palm (of hand)." Cognates of this noun are attested in Akkadian, Ugaritic, Aramaic, Arabic, Ethiopic, and Egyptian. It appears about 193 times in bib…

Pillar

"pillar." This word appears 22 times and only once outside Ezek. 40-41: "And for the entering of the oracle he made doors of olive tree: the lintel [p…

Possess (To)

"to inherit, subdue, take possession, dispossess, impoverish." This word is attested in all Semitic languages except Akkadian, Phoenician, and biblica…

Pour (To)

"to pour, pour out, cast, flow." Commonly used throughout the history of the Hebrew language, this word occurs in ancient Ugaritic with the same nuanc…

Power

"strength; power; force; ability." This Hebrew word is used in biblical, rabbinic, and modern Hebrew with little change in meaning. The root is uncert…

Praise (To)

"to praise, celebrate, glory, sing (praise), boast." The meaning "to praise" is actually the meaning of the intensive form of the Hebrew verb halal, w…

Precious

"precious; rare; excellent; weighty; noble." Although none of the 35 biblical appearances of this word occurs before First Samuel, they are scattered …

Prepare (To)

"to be established, be readied, be prepared, be certain, be admissible." This verb occurs in nearly every Semitic language (not in biblical Aramaic). …

Priest

"priest." This word is found 741 times in the Old Testament. More than one-third of the references to the "priests" are found in the Pentateuch. Levit…

Priesthood

"priest." This word is found 741 times in the Old Testament. More than one-third of the references to the "priests" are found in the Pentateuch. Levit…

Provoke (Anger) (To)

"to provoke, vex, make angry." This word is common throughout the history of Hebrew and is used in modern Hebrew in the sense of "to be angry, to rage…

Ram

"ram." This word, which has cognates in Ugaritic, Egyptian, and Coptic, occurs in biblical Hebrew about 164 times and in all periods.’Ayil represents …

Reckon (To)

"to reckon (according to race or family)." In Aramaic, yahas appears in the Targumim for the Hebrew mishpah?â ("family") and times), and tôledôt ("gen…

Redeem (To)

"to redeem, deliver, avenge, act as a kinsman." This word group is used 90 times, chiefly in the Pentateuch, Psalms, Isaiah, and Ruth. The root appear…

Remain

"to be left; remain over; excel; show excess." This word is found in various Semitic languages, ranging from ancient Akkadian to modern Hebrew. In its…

Remain (To)

"to remain, lodge, spend the night, abide." Found also in ancient Ugaritic, this word continues in use from biblical Hebrew until now. The modern Hebr…

Remainder: Remnant

"remainder; remnant." Yeter appears 94 times in the Hebrew Old Testament. The word occurs mainly (about 45 times) in the historical books in the stere…

Reprove (To)

"to decide, prove, convince, judge." As in biblical Hebrew, this verb is found in modern Hebrew primarily in the causative forms. It occurs some 60 ti…

Right Hand

"right hand." This word has cognates attested in Ugaritic, Arabic, Syriac, Aramaic, and Ethiopic. It appears about 137 times and in all periods of bib…

Save (To)

"to help, deliver, save." Outside Hebrew this word is attested only in Moabite. It appears in all periods of Hebrew (including post-biblical Hebrew) a…

Sea

"sea; ocean." This word has cognates in Aramaic, Akkadian, Ugaritic, Phoenician, and Ethiopic. It occurs about 390 times and in all periods of biblica…

Silver

"silver; money; price; property." This word has cognates in Akkadian, Ugaritic, Phoenician, and Aramaic. It occurs about 402 times in biblical Hebrew …

Stumble (To)

"to stumble, stagger, totter, be thrown down." As in biblical Hebrew, this word is used in modern Hebrew in the sense of "to stumble, fail." It occurs…

Stupid Fellow

"stupid fellow; dull person; fool." This word occurs in the Old Testament 70 times. All of its occurrences are in wisdom literature except 3 in the Ps…

Take Away (To)

"to take, receive, take away." This word occurs in all Semitic languages and in all periods of Hebrew. It occurs about 965 times in the Old Testament.…

Teach (To)

"to teach, learn, cause to learn." This common Semitic term is found throughout the history of the Hebrew language and in ancient Akkadian and Ugariti…

There Is

"there is; substance; he/she/t is/are." Cognates of this word are attested in Ugaritic, Aramaic, Akkadian, Amorite, and Arabic. It appears about 137 t…

Throne

"throne; seat." This word, with the basic meaning "seat of honor," occurs in many Semitic languages (Ugaritic, Phoenician, Aramaic, Syriac, Arabic) an…

Together

"together; alike; all at once; all together." Yah?ad appears about 46 times and in all periods of biblical Hebrew. Used as an adverb, the word emphasi…

Tongue

"tongue; language; speech." This word is thought to have the root meaning "to lick," but this is a conjecture. The noun occurs in Ugaritic, Akkadian (…

Tree

"tree; wood; timber; stick; stalk." This word has cognates in Ugaritic, Akkadian, Phoenician, Aramaic ('e'), and Arabic. It occurs about 325 times in …

Upright

"upright; right; righteous; just." This adjective occurs first in Exodus in the idiom "right in his eyes": "[He] said, If thou wilt diligently hearken…

Vessel

"vessel; receptacle; stuff; clothing; utensil; tool; instrument; ornament or jewelry; armor or weapon; male sex organ." A cognate to this word appears…

Vineyard

"vineyard." This Hebrew word is related to other Semitic languages (Akkadian, karmu; Arabic, karm). The word is evenly distributed throughout the Old …

War

"war; battle; skirmish; combat." This word has a cognate only in Ugaritic. Biblical Hebrew attests it 315 times and in all periods.This word means "wa…

Wash (To)

"to wash, bathe." This word is common to both ancient and modern Hebrew and is found in ancient Ugaritic as well. It is used some 72 times in the text…

Wine

"wine." Cognates of this word appear in Akkadian, Ugaritic, Aramaic, Arabic, and Ethiopic. It appears about 141 times and in all periods of biblical H…

Wing

"wing." The Hebrew word is represented in Semitic languages (Ugaritic, Akkadian, Aramaic, Syriac, and Arabic) and in Egyptian. Kanap has maintained it…

Wither (To)

"to be dry, be dried up, be withered." This term is found throughout the development of the Hebrew language and a few other Semitic languages. It is f…

Wrath

"wrath; heat; rage; anger." This noun occurs in Semitic languages with the meanings "heat, wrath, poison, venom." The noun, as well as the verb yah?am…

Write (To)

"to write, inscribe, describe, take dictation, engrave." This verb appears in most Semitic languages (not in Akkadian or Ugaritic). Biblical Hebrew at…